salacca wallichiana fruit

Photo by Dr. T. Evans, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb. Dry weather is needed for good fruit set; spadices emerging in the rainy season tend to rot and the viability of the pollen is poor. Licuala spinosa (left) and Salacca wallichiana (right) form a tunnel over trail. Other products: Wild clumps in the forest not only produce food, but are also a major source of cork, thatch and other construction materials in rural areas. Imagetext: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants by Dr. T. K. Lim. At harvest each fruit cluster or the entire infructescence is cut with a hooked knife or pruning shears on long handles. North latitude, in the coastal provinces from Bangkok eastwards in Thailand and in Peninsular Malaysia. rice straw. Collect. Fruit a drupe, occurring in dense heads, obovoid, 2.5 cm long, the skin (epicarp) consisting of orange-brown scales with reflexed brittle points; endocarp not differentiated. Salak fruit, more technically known as snake or salacca zalacca is a fruit that grows in clusters at the base of the palm and they are called snake fruit because of its reddish-brown scaly skin. This strange looking fruit is very tasty - sweet and acidic. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits). Leaf pruning is not advisable, but may be necessary to facilitate orchard operations. The origin of the rakum palm is not clear, but it is found in the lowlands of southern Burma, south of 19 deg. The fruit of the Salacca wallichiana , a native of South East Asia. Salacca affinis Griff.. ENGLISH : Edible-fruited salak palm , Palm heart (vegetable). The spineless 'Sakum' has leaves nearly as long (5 m) as the rakum types and the fruit quality is not much better: there is only a little flesh covering the large stones. Salacca wallichiana is a very spiny species, prized for its delicious fruits with long, mostly straight leaves arching a bit at the tips shooting out of the ground. It has the spiky exterior, but it is not hard to peel. The cross of sala x 'Sakum' yielded almost 50% spineless seedlings. 'Sakum' has its origin somewhere in Chanthaburi or Trat provinces. leaves of 'Sala Noenwong' reach only 3 m. This cultivar is further characterized by abundant suckering, long terminal leaflets and the light-brown colour of the fruit, which has an obtuse tip. Hand Yai, Thailand. Pests: A fruit-eating worm is also found. A spineless form of the plant in Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Pattaya, Thailand. This exotic fruit has diverse and potential pharmacological properties due to its high antioxidant content. There were estimated to be 6000-10 000 palms of the sala type in the country in 1989. Among them are 'Sala Mor', 'Sala Sane', 'Sala Noenwong' and the spineless 'Sakum'. FRENCH : Coeur de palmier (vegetable). A creeping and tillering palm that grows in clumps (caespitose), the creeping, unbranched stems can reach 3 - 4 metres long in plants over 100 years old with an erect terminal leaf-bearing part 1 metre tall and with many adventitious roots, most abundant towards the tip. It should be noted that harvesting the palm heart of clustering species is a non-destructive practice (sustainable), unlike harvesting those of solitary species or all the terminal buds of any palm, all of which kill the plant. The stones in 10-19-week-old fruits are white and contain a jelly-like substance. Fruits over 30 weeks old develop an unpleasant flavour. Farmers control the damage by covering the large infructescence with chicken wire. led to the isolation of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols ( 1 ), β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6 - O -fatty acid esters ( 2 ), β-sitosterol ( 3 ) and triacylglycerols ( 4 ) from There are three main species of salak grown commercially … In the main rakum production centre, the annual rainfall is 2500-3000 mm with 5-6 dry months. In young non-bearing orchards, removing suckers is the most unpleasant chore, but a must. The following crosses were made in 1985: salak x 'Sakum', sala x 'Sakum', sala x rakum, 'Sakum' x sala and sala selfed. Find Salacca Wallichiana Full Thorns Delicious Fruit stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Superior fruit-bearing forms have been developed and these are often cultivated in gardens and plantations [ 303 At Chanthaburi Horticulture Research Centre work is in progress to propagate the palm through tissue culture. The fruit skin is covered with regularly arranged scales that encase the sarcotesta (flesh) and seeds (Figure 4). Although this will bring the price down, there is still much room for agronomic improvement which will raise yield levels and/or reduce the cost price. (worldagroforestrycentre.org). Flesh to seed ratios vary from 10:1 to 2:1 by weight. The other seedlings are expected to bear fruit in 1991. Rodents cause serious loss of fruit. The plants are valued for their edible fruit, mainly in Thailand, and are also harvested as a source of construction materials. Fruit a drupe, occurring in dense heads, obovoid, 2.5 cm long, the skin (epicarp) consisting of orange-brown scales with reflexed brittle points; endocarp not differentiated. However, vegetative propagation is recommended. Nong Nooch Botanical Garden, Thailand. Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salacca&oldid=905396228, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 July 2019, at 21:10. Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. 2008. A vigorous, spiny palm that is thought to originate from southern Sumatra to Java in Indonesia. Irrigation in the dry season, together with application of manure and 3-4 kg per clump of a complete fertilizer with a low N-content improves yield and fruit quality considerably. In commercial orchards the palms can be grown successfully without shade, provided they are irrigated. (worldagroforestrycentre.org). Growing sala cultivars is so profitable that a rapid expansion of production is to be expected. Brix. Luk rakam (Thai script: ลูกระกำ) is the fruit of another type of Salak Palm. 'Sala Noenwong' originated in Chanthaburi province from a seedling of 'Sala Mor' about 120 years ago. ... hairy, with a short, trifid dark red stigma, staminodes 5-6, borne on the corolla throat. This indicates a heavy fruit set in November and December, i.e. (worldagroforestrycentre.org), Diseases: Some diseases and pests have been observed, but as the crop is relatively new and minor, the study of the causal organisms and their control has not yet received much attention. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb. The soil is kept moist to force viable buds on the cuttings to sprout. Seeds for sale starting at € 7.80. The superior quality fruit of the sala type could fetch in 1989 a farmgate price as high as US$ 5 per kg. Photo by Jeff Anderson. Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) The genus Salacca is known as “ salak ” in Bahasa, “ snake fruit ” in English, and “ sala ” in Thai. The post-harvest technology has not yet been developed. Xenia effects are quite noticeable in S. wallichiana, so it is important to choose a compatible male strain. Its fruit has a scaly snake skin-like appearance with a crunchy apple-like texture and a sugary pineapple flavor. We have a mature one at Leu Gardens in Orlando. After about 5-6 years the palm starts flowering. Palms of Southern Asia. Spineless forms exist." Roots can reach a length of 2 m but do not extend to a great depth. Salacca is a genus of about 20 species of palms native to Southeast Asia and the eastern Himalayas. Harley & C.E. Salacca zalacca: thornless salak: AS: very reduced thorns, fruits like the common bali type: most: $2 each : Salacca x hybrid: affinis x wallichiana: AS: fruit characteristics midway between affinis and sour type wallichiana: most: $2 each Laos. Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos. (worldagroforestrycentre.org), Boundary or barrier or support: The wild form is grown as a fruit-bearing fence. Photo by Frank (Tropico), Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica. For sweet fruit taste rakum should be harvested 28 weeks after anthesis (hand pollination). Voss (family Arecaceae) is the snake fruit commonly known in Malay language as salak in Malaysia. Pollination is mainly by insects. Roots can reach a length of 2 metres but do not extend to a great depth. C; lower temperatures reduce flowering. Superior fruit-bearing forms have been developed and these are often cultivated in gardens and plantations. Salacca zalacca is cultivated for its excellent fruit, and fruits of other species are eaten although they are sometimes very sour. Hand pollination can also raise yields substantially. 'Sala Mor' has leaves of about 4 m length with short terminal leaflets and has greyish-orange fruit with a beaked tip. The country's production was estimated at 500-1000 t in 1988, the bulk being the inferior type of fruit gathered from the forest. This page has been accessed 11,580 times. Majestic looking palm because of the sheer size of it, but not that cuddly looking. Suckering and shoot emergence varied considerably. Petioles of S. wallichiana are sometimes used in house construction in Thailand (Dransfield 1981c). Male inflorescences about 1 m long, branching into many reddish spadices; flowers with 3 sepals, 3 petals and 5 stamens; anthers with functional yellowish pollen; female inflorescences 1-2 m long, with 3-8 reddish spadices, each with staminate and hermaphrodite flowers in 1:1 ratio, both without functional pollen; staminate flowers with a reddish, tubular corolla and 5 staminodes borne on the corolla throat; hermaphrodite flowers with 3 pink sepals, fused at the base, ovary trilocular, hairy, with a short, trifid dark red stigma, staminodes 5-6, borne on the corolla throat. Locally known as “sala,” this variety is similar in taste but with less astringency and a juicy texture. A rotary grass cutter or herbicides (Glyphosate) are commonly used to control weeds. The fruit ripens 7-9 months after bloom. The skin of 10-16-week-old fruitlets is brown, turning darker to almost black at 17-23 weeks, gradually changing to orange when the fruit ripens. The salak palm grown in northern Sumatra is ascribed to a distinct species, S. sumatrana Becc. Salacca components were methyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate wallichiana is one of the species of the genus Salacca (25.0%) and methyl (E)-3-methylpent-2-enoate (23.4%)7. which is found in Malaya, Myanmar, Sumatra, Thailand, The snake fruit (S. edulis Reinw) Pondoh afforded methyl and Vietnam2. The brittle thin skin is removed to reveal yellow/white flesh which has flavours reminiscent of Granny Smith apple, strawberry and pineapple. In Thailand, another species of snakefruit known as "Salacca wallichiana" is preferred. 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